Essay --

This article by Shakoor et. al, (2011) is a longitudinal study of childrens theory of promontory and adolescent involvement in bullying. Theory of mind ( turkey cock) is a prediction of everyday behaviors based on a persons mental state. Understanding of false beliefs is a Core ToM, which has usually developed by age 4. By age 7 more advanced skills develop including embedded mental states (what he thinks what she thinks) and understanding that emotions can influence some other peoples beliefs. Developing these skills are important for shaping healthy social interactions and can be important with decoding social cues as strong as being able to adjust behaviors. Therefore, those that are delayed in developing ToM could be exposed to social interactions that are negative because of this they may find it difficult to establish proficient relationships during their life (Shakoor et al., 2011, p. 254).The major research of this study was whether or not children who were involved in bullying during adolescence had poor ToM in childhood. The theory being tested was that poor childhood ToM can cause bullying during early adolescence. Bullying effects on second-rate 27% of adolescents and children every year. This is a negative social experience that happens worldwide. Children who do not have good ToM are at a great risk to become involved in bullying situations. This is because ToM skills support social interactions. Children with poor ToM do not have a good understanding of the emotions and intentions of other people. This puts at risk the childrens ability to perceive social signals that reveal nonreciprocal interactions, which puts the child at risk of being reduce or victimized. Poor ToM can also affect childrens ability to be able to stand up for th... ...ying, they just took the word of the teachers and the mother. in addition if the children hang out with kids at school who are bullies that would influence them to be bullies as well regardless of ToM . I found that the conclusion of the article do sense based on the data of the study. The conclusion stated what should be done to help prevent bullying and listed some training strategies to help make better childrens ToM. The authors named all the limitations that I can think of. The main one being that the study does not generalize to all children because the data only came from twins. For early research studies they can compare the data collected from the twins with data collected from children who are not twins. Also they can collect data on what type of bullying was taking place with each child whether it was relational or physical (Shakoor et al., 2011, p. 259 & 260).